Sensory differences are an important aspect of the autistic experience. For many autistic people, the way they perceive the world is shaped by how their senses process information, which can be quite different from non-autistic individuals. Understanding sensory differences helps us create more inclusive and supportive environments for autistic people. In this blog, we will explore what sensory differences are, their impact, and how we can support autistic individuals through sensory-friendly strategies.
What Are Sensory Differences?
Sensory differences refer to the way autistic people process sensory input from the world around them. Sensory input can come from any of the five senses—sight, sound, touch, taste, and smell—but it can also include balance and body awareness (known as proprioception). Autistic people may experience sensory input in different ways. This can include:
- Hypersensitivity (over-sensitivity)
- Hyposensitivity (under-sensitivity)
- Sensory overload
These sensory differences can make the world feel overwhelming for autistic people or, in some cases, under-stimulating.
Hypersensitivity in Autistic People
Hypersensitivity refers to when an individual is overly sensitive to sensory stimuli. For example, an autistic person who is hypersensitive to sound may find everyday noises, such as the hum of a refrigerator or traffic outside, overwhelming or even painful. Similarly, bright lights, strong smells, or certain textures might cause discomfort or distress. Some common signs of hypersensitivity in autistic people include:
- Covering ears due to loud noises.
- Avoiding bright lights.
- Refusing to wear certain clothing due to how it feels on the skin.
When someone is hypersensitive, they experience sensory input more intensely than others. This can lead to feelings of anxiety or stress, especially in environments that are not sensory-friendly, such as crowded places with bright lights or loud sounds.
Hyposensitivity in Autistic People
On the other hand, hyposensitivity refers to when someone does not respond as strongly to sensory input. Autistic people who are hyposensitive may seek out more sensory input to feel comfortable. For example, they may:
- Enjoy spinning or jumping to feel movement.
- Touch different surfaces or objects to explore textures.
- Not notice temperature changes, such as cold or heat, as much as others.
Hyposensitivity can sometimes lead to behaviours where autistic individuals seek out sensory input by stimming—repetitive movements or sounds that help regulate their sensory experiences. Stimming can include actions like hand-flapping, rocking, or repeating certain sounds, and it’s a helpful way for autistic people to manage their sensory needs.
Sensory Overload
Sensory overload happens when an autistic person is bombarded with too much sensory input all at once. This can happen in busy environments where there are many sights, sounds, and smells happening simultaneously. When an autistic person experiences sensory overload, it can lead to feelings of being overwhelmed and result in meltdowns or shutdowns. These are coping mechanisms for dealing with sensory stress.
Signs of sensory overload might include:
- Covering eyes or ears to block out stimuli.
- Becoming non-verbal or withdrawing from the environment.
- Having a meltdown (a temporary loss of emotional control due to overwhelming sensory input).
Sensory overload is a serious issue that affects the well-being of autistic people, making it crucial to create environments that are mindful of sensory sensitivities.
How to Create a Sensory-Friendly Environment
Understanding sensory differences is the first step in building a more inclusive society. There are several ways we can support autistic people by creating environments that accommodate their sensory needs. Here are some simple yet effective strategies:
Use Calming Colours
Bright, harsh colours can be overwhelming for some autistic people. Instead, opt for soft, calming shades like pastels or natural tones in home, school, or work environments. Colours like blue or green can have a soothing effect and help reduce sensory stress.
Control Noise Levels
Loud or sudden noises can trigger hypersensitivity in autistic people. You can help by reducing background noise and providing noise-cancelling headphones as an option in noisy environments. For example, schools and offices can designate quiet areas where individuals can retreat if they feel overwhelmed by sound.
Provide Quiet Spaces
Quiet, low-stimulus spaces can be a sanctuary for autistic people when sensory input becomes too much. These spaces should be free from loud noises, bright lights, or overwhelming scents, allowing individuals to recharge without additional sensory stress.
Allow for Sensory Tools
Many autistic people use sensory tools like fidget spinners, weighted blankets, or stress balls to help regulate their sensory input. Providing these tools in environments like classrooms or offices can offer comfort and help autistic people focus and feel more at ease.
Be Mindful of Textures
Certain textures in clothing, furniture, or even food can be uncomfortable for autistic people. Be aware of texture sensitivities by offering alternatives where possible. For example, soft, tag-free clothing or smooth, non-scratchy materials in seating can make a big difference.
Why Sensory-Friendly Environments Matter
Creating sensory-friendly environments not only helps autistic people feel more comfortable but also promotes inclusivity and understanding. When we make spaces that consider sensory needs, we allow autistic people to participate fully without fear of sensory overload or discomfort. This is especially important in public places like schools, workplaces, and community spaces where diverse sensory needs should be respected.
Conclusion
Sensory differences are a fundamental part of the autistic experience. Whether someone is hypersensitive, hyposensitive, or experiences sensory overload, these sensory processing differences require understanding and accommodations. By making small changes—such as using calming colours, controlling noise levels, or providing quiet spaces—we can create more supportive environments for autistic people to thrive.
To learn more about sensory differences and how to support autistic people, visit our resource page here.